Harriet Tubman Essay

Her deeds spared lives during these horrible time’s as well as gave other African Americans the mental fortitude to go to bat for what they have confidence in and accomplish equivalent rights for men in ladies on the planet regardless of what their skin shading or sex was. Destined to the guardians of slaves Harriet Tubman changed the world in a bigger number of ways than one and will be clarified in the paper. Harriet Tubman was conceived Araminta Ross to her slave guardians Ben and Harriet Green. The particular date of her introduction to the world is supposed to be between the long periods of 1820 and 1821 yet there is no real record of her birthday. This was a typical issue of the ideal opportunity for a large number of the American slaves conceived in this period. Being naturally introduced to an African American slave family during the 1800’s, Harriet assumed the errand of being a slave during the early time in her life period. Her first undertaking as a kid was to deal with her of her more youthful sibling and furthermore was answerable for the consideration of one of one of the slave owner’s babies. The work that Harriet was alloted was work that the men never needed to accomplish yet all work that was done on these manors or homesteads should’ve been taken a gander at as equivalent in all manners. During this time even ladies slaves were being victimized, they consequently were oppressed during childbirth when they came out as a young lady. The ladies were thought of as less in light of the fact that they didn’t go out into the fields to accomplish the difficult work, yet without the ladies accomplishing their work the men’s work wouldn’t have been finished. Life was hard for Harriet during these early years as she was liable for this youthful infant and needed to deal with it day and night. One would see that dealing with this child at such a youthful age would be an explanation behind Harriet’s protective side towards all the slaves she later helped escape from subjugation so they could be free. Harriet’s youthful life was loaded up with numerous encounters and difficult situations during her adolescence. She gotten the measles at a youthful age she had an episode when at a store, a slave proprietor tossed a two pound weight at another slaves head and hit Harriett. The other slave had forgotten about their field without consent and went to the store. The slave proprietor advised her to help control the furious slave however she declined to. The slave proprietor tossed the two pound weight at the difficult slave yet missed and rather hit Harriet. Harriet didn't have any genuine harm done to her from the weight yet one would think this was a key point in her life when she understood she needed to be free and to likewise enable different captives to turn out to be liberated from these malicious slave proprietors. Ladies have been persecuted on the planet since the beginning of time. Men have consistently been taken a gander at as though they are progressively significant or increasingly valuable on the planet we live in. We can see that in Harriet Tubman’s case, Her work as a kid was predominantly as a sitter of the kids or utilized in the house as a slave. In any event, during the hour of bondage ladies weren’t allowed indistinguishable rights from their men partners. More often than not the ladies slaves were utilized as servants, overseers, or doing planting. These were obligations that they thought were reasonable for the ladies and without the ladies carrying out these responsibilities the homestead or estate wouldn’t run. Men were for the most part used to the harder and progressively physical work on the manors or homesteads. They were conveyed into the fields each day to reap the yields with the goal that the proprietor could bring in his cash to keep up his way of life. The ladies were held back to do the errands around the house and this is the place the persona that ladies should remain at home and do housework originates from even today. The pitiful part is that individuals that idea the men were the most significant specialists, however without the ladies none of the obligations would have been done. They served and equivalent job in making the ranch work and weren’t given the credit they merited. Without the ladies remaining in the house and taking care of the youngsters or preparing the suppers, none of the men would have food or some place to rest when they were finished with their work. One can see that each obligation should’ve been viewed as equivalent. The ladies could carry out indistinguishable responsibilities from the men and the other way around whichever way the obligations are totally expected to make the framework work. Women’s rights have improved radically since that time yet there still is a shame that men are superior to ladies. This sort of view isn't right and shouldn’t even be contemplated on the planet we live into today. Lady server an incredible reason on the planet we live in and ought to be viewed as equivalent in all parts of life. If one somehow happened to consider this thought genuinely we can see without out ladies no kids are conceived. The tragic truth is that ladies despite everything need to battle for their privileges in each part of their day by day lives. The run of the mill ladies in the public eye makes just . 70 pennies for each dollar that a man would make doing likewise work. One would imagine that one hundred and after fifty years ladies would be viewed as equivalent partners to men. â€Å"There has been progress toward more prominent working environment fairness, however we despite everything have far to go. In the United States, most occupations are gendered. Numerous employments are isolated by sex; there are huge compensation holes, and various ladies experience lewd behavior and pregnancy segregation. These sorts of dividers are being separated each day yet should be managed in a quicker and progressively productive manner. As we probably am aware subjection was a loathsome piece of the American culture until December of 1865 when it was nullified and Harriet Tubman encountered this repulsive trage dy of American culture. Harriet Tubman encountered this until one day she concluded it was sufficient and gotten away from her subjection with her siblings on September 17, 1849. This getaway was deferred due to her siblings wish to return to his family, however weeks after the fact Harriet had enough lastly got away. Guided by the light of the moon Harriet went around evening time for the dread in the event that she went during the day she could be gotten by slave catchers, who would’ve taken her home for an abundance. She went through numerous conductors’ houses during her movement, conductors of the Underground Railroad, lastly disappeared to Pennsylvania a northern express that had just abrogated subjugation. This departure along these lines permitted Harriet Tubman to one day become a conductor in the underground railroad herself to permit different captives to run away to the opportunity they merited. The creator clarifies how and when subjection was at long last annulled all through the entire United States and a reason for the common war. [ â€Å"The U. S. Place of Representatives passes the thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, annulling servitude in the United States. It read, â€Å"Neither bondage nor automatic servitude†¦ will exist inside the United States, or wherever subject to their purview. â€Å"] This single, yet momentous, law would proceed to begin a bleeding common war of the north versus the south and end with opportunity of all slaves all through the entire United States of America. At the point when the Civil War started, President Lincoln’s proclaimed objective was the reclamation of the Union. Be that as it may, right off the bat in the war, the Union started keeping got away from slaves as opposed to returning them to their proprietors, so bondage basically finished any place the Union armed force was triumphant. In September 1862, Lincoln gave the Emancipation Proclamation, liberating all slaves in territories that were still in resistance to the Union. This measure opened the issue of some solution for servitude in Border States that had not withdrawn or in territories that had been caught by the Union before the declaration. In 1864, a change nullifying subjection passed the Senate however kicked the bucket in the House as Democrats energized for the sake of states’ rights. The appointment of 1864 took Lincoln back to the White House and huge Republican larger parts in the two houses, so it showed up the revision was set out toward section when the new Congress met in March 1865. Lincoln favored that the revision get bipartisan supportâ€some Democrats showed support for the measure, however many despite everything stood up to. The change passed 119 to 56, seven votes over the fundamental 66% lion's share. A few Democrats went without, yet the thirteenth Amendment was sent to the states for approval, which came in December 1865. With the section of the correction, the establishment that had permanently formed American history and had begun the Civil War was annihilated. † This extract shows that the difficult work and commitment of Harriet Tubman had paid off during her occasions a slave and therefore made opportunity for all her African American siblings and sisters to turn out to be free. Despite the fact that it didn't have a prompt effect for African Americans to have equivalent rights it began that development that has made everybody in the United States be equivalent today. The astounding part of Harriet Tubman is her talent for continually needing to help other’s in their subjection. In 1851 Harriet chose to return to her old neighborhood of Dorchester County to get her better half any numerous different slaves. Indeed, even idea this astonishing lady was free she chose to hazard her own life and opportunity to enable other to have their own opportunity. A little while later of being there she helped eleven different slaves escape in the December of 1851. They got away securely back to Harriet’s new life in Philadelphia and in opportunity. For somebody to hazard there own life just to help other people shows the philanthropic she is. Harriet’s life was loaded with a wide range of stories however the most significant one is work in suffragist activism towards an incredible finish. She was one of the ladies who battled for all women’s rights and furthermore the option to cast a ballot. Tragically that would not be taken a break. Harriet was a lady who battled for the opportunity of slaves and furthermore indicated that a lady can change the world. She was one of the conspicuous ladies who assisted with liberating slaves a

Battle between Husband And Wife essays

Fight among Husband And Wife expositions A Review on the First Part of was D.H.Laawrences first major novel.His just major novel,some would say.I have got done with perusing it throughout the winter holiday.For I am not exactly sure that I comprehend the sufficiently novel to delineate the muddled connection among Paul and his possesive mother,so I might want to focus fundamentally to the Part One of the novel in this review,especially the fight among a couple . At the main look of the book,we discover Mr.Morel a coal excavator thusly throughout the-century Britain,lives an existence of drudgery ,outrage and desperation.He takes his dissatisfactions out on his significant other Gertrude.But with a more profound investigate the interior nuances of conjugal relationship.We can see it is both the couple who are enduring and it is the huge contrasts in the social foundations isolate them. Walter and Gertrude experienced in a nearby dance.Lets talk about the social foundation of the two included first.Gertrude experienced childhood in a consistent lower-white collar class family with a solid hard working attitude and pride in its self-sufficiency.She acquired a large portion of his dads inflexible good and strict convictions however she additionally has her moms gentle,humerous streak.As a rehearsing Congregationalists of her day,she opposes dancing,frivolity and drink,which Walter is a man of activity instead of words.They were both pulled in by every others distinction at their first meet.Gertrude was interested by Walter who appeared as a baffling outsider from another planet to her,rough and vigorous.He,in turn,arouses an enthusiasm in hera lady with class ,culture and education.They wedded and shared a short glad union.Then follows the ever-enduring fight. The principal question between them was when Gertrude found that they didn't possess their home. To her rigid mind,the obligation isn't just disgraceful however sinful.In her eyes,it is a ... <!

Help Me Write My College Essay

Help Me Write My College EssayHelp me write my college essay. College admissions officers are notorious for working hard and sleeping little. They know that your college application is one of the most important things that they will do with regard to your admissions. It is important that you know how to write a college essay if you want to be successful.You have probably heard people talking about the writing skills that are needed to write good college essays. However, many people have no idea how to get started on the process. What they fail to realize is that college admissions officers are very busy people and they don't get the time to write college essays all the time. This means that you should find a way to get some help to help you write your college essay.You need to learn about some basic fundamentals in order to write a successful college essay. The essay should be written in the third person and is generally identified as a 'personal essay.' You must avoid writing someth ing that sounds too personal or that may look a bit like an advertisement.College essays are a way for colleges to gauge what kind of future you will have at the university. It is not the best way to make a real impression because you are not trying to make a good impression on the admissions officer. In fact, you can help to make a bad impression because you are not being objective enough.Essays should be carefully worded so that the reader will remember what you were trying to say. As a student you should read as many papers as possible and you should try to ask someone who has already gone through college and who knows what it is like in college. Even though college is a big decision for you, you want to make sure that your college experience will be nothing but positive.Help me write my college essays by taking advantage of the different resources available. You can find sample essays online and you can even have the essays customized to fit your needs. You can also get tips on what kind of topics to cover and on how to make them stand out.The first step to help me write my college essay is to be honest about your writing skills. Don't be afraid to admit that you have no idea what you are doing. One of the easiest ways to get some guidance is to look for resources that are designed for high school students to help them write their college essays.Remember that college admissions officers are very busy people and they don't get the time to write a college essay all the time. You can use these resources to help you write your college essay. You can even get free resources from the websites of some of the major colleges.

The Effect Of Photosynthesis On The Rate Of Photosynthesis

Abstract: During photosynthesis plants take light energy and turn it into chemical energy. The purpose of the study was to test the effect of various lighting conditions on the rate of photosynthesis. In this experiment the rate of photosynthesis is measured by timing how long it takes photosynthesis to occur in ten leaf disks that are in a solution of carbon dioxide. The prediction for this experiment was that if a plant receives more light, then it will have a higher rate of photosynthesis. The data supports the hypothesis, because the rate of photosynthesis is higher in direct sunlight than in the shade. This experiment untimely lead to the conclusions that light and carbon dioxide are necessary for photosynthesis to occur.†¦show more content†¦This light is then converted into a chemical energy by the chlorophyll and other pigments within the plant. This energy is used for the process of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, water molecules split apart, releasing elect rons and hydrogen ions and producing oxygen gas. These electrons and hydrogen ions are then used to generate ATP and NADPH. Both ATP and NADPH are also used in the light independent reaction, which is the second part of photosynthesis. This reaction occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts. In contrast to the light dependent reaction, this type of reaction can occur without light. During the light independent reactions of photosynthesis ATP and NADPH are required to form glucose. Adenosine triphosphate, often called ATP, is used to construct organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, often called NADPH, reduces carbon dioxide and produces monosaccharides for use by the plant. 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World War II The Great War - 884 Words

World War 1 also known as The Great War started for a number of explanations; discrimination and imperialism, militarism nationalism, and alliance. According to the World of information imperialism is the policy which is expanding the country’s power and acquiring new land or countries by force. Militarism is when a country wants to preserve the strongest and most defensive military strength. Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire where central powers of WW1 but the allied powers where France, England, Russia, and the United States. Many of these countries joined World War 1 because of Alliances, where they had a treaty with that country or countries that in a challenging times they would be there to help in any way possible even if it meant they are set in the middle of a world warfare. 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Rhetorical Analysis of Antonys Speech 3.2 - 842 Words

Rhetorical Analysis of Antony’s Speech In Julius Caesar, Mark Antony is given the opportunity to speak at Caesar’s funeral by the conspirators the murdered him. Through his words, Antony seeks to cause dissent and let mischief reign over his audience, the plebeians of Rome. Antony uses rhetorical questioning to provoke the crowd into a fit of rage over Brutus’ words. Antony disguises his true intents in his speech, putting him at a moral high ground over Brutus. He finally uses ambiguous meanings in his words to hide his feelings about both Caesar and Brutus. In lines 1-4, Antony introduces himself to the crowd. â€Å"Friends, Romans, Countrymen†, is what he addresses the plebeians as, using pathos here to tie himself closer to the commoners†¦show more content†¦He then paints Caesar as a great leader to Rome by telling the crowd that â€Å"(He) hath brought many captives home to Rome, whose ransoms did the general coffers fill.†. Without Caesar’s great deeds, where would the public of Rome be? Antony questions if Caesar’s acts for the whole of Rome are truly ambition here. From lines 19-22, Antony uses inflection to not praise Caesar literally while also proving his innocence. â€Å"When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept: Ambition should be made of sterner stuff!†, here Antony uses both pathos to link Caesar and the commoners and circumlocution to question Brutus without calling him a liar to the public. From lines 23-29, Antony assures the crowd that while his eulogy has provided opposing points to Brutus’ rhetoric, he means not to call Brutus a liar or praise Caesar while actually doing both at the same time. â€Å"I thrice presented (Caesar) a kingly crown, which he did thrice refuse: was this ambition?†, says Antony. Antony’s ethos here, that any man that refuse a crown would obviously not be ambitious, contradicts events the reader has seen. Although Antony persuades the crowd, as all rhetoric should, that Caesar refused the crown three times, in actuality, Caesar was said to loathe giving back the crown three times before suffering from his epilepsy. Antony, for the last time, brings up that â€Å"Brutus says he was ambitious; and, sure, he is an honorable man.†. He has,

Digital Rights Management and Fair

Question: Discuss about the Digital Rights Management and Fair. Answer: Introduction: The given articles refer to the development of remote control over digital content. This is primarily done through various DRM (Digital Rights Management) systems which claim that they provide persistent protection and therefore can potentially distinguish between an authorised user and a copyright infringement. The size of the global DRM market pegged at $ 3.5 billion also is indicative of the high demand of these systems so as to provide protection of digital content (Stamp, 2002). The DRM system is essentially based on cryptography with companies making tall claims about the security offered in this manner (Sharpe, 2004). The major problem with regards to DRM is that the security offered by these cannot be verified unless they are open to public scrutiny. However, till now the designs of these systems is not available in the public domain. It is an established trend that the any cryptosystem that is not vetted by the public and the cryptographic community is not trustworthy (Stamp, 2002). As a result, there is a potential fear that all claims about DRM systems are just marketing gimmicks. Further, those DRM systems that have been fielded have not proved very secure. Besides, various experts also express their doubts over the tall claims made by DRM vendors (Sharpe, 2004). Additionally, the DRM system also has its own risks. Further, the security of the DRM system can be strengthened using tampering proof hardware but this would give rise to additional risks as this hardware would not be controlled by users but remotely based third parties (Stamp, 2002). Thus, it is imperative that equilibrium needs to be established between risk and security offered. References Sharpe, V. (2004), Digital Rights Management and Fair Use by Design, Technical Communication, 51(3), 455 Stamp, M. (2002), Risks of Digital Rights Management, Communications of the ACM, 45(9), 120

Sukhothai Style Essay Example

Sukhothai Style Essay Sukhothai was Thailands first free nation (Beek and Tettoni 7), founded in the early 13th century. This nations numerous hidden beauties such as its ruined temples contain Buddhist sculpture, which prove unique and monumental. For this assignment, I evaluate Sukhothai Buddhist art in relation to three main criteria-scholarly value, outstanding achievement, and exceptional contribution to existing Buddhist art-to determine its monumentality. First, I discuss the arts significance in revealing pertinent information about the Sukhothai people, and then the outstanding achievement of the Sukhothai Buddhist sculpture that is shown through its mastery of bronze techniques. Lastly, I present an analysis of the most distinct contribution of Sukhothai Buddhist sculpture-Buddha in a walking pose. I conclude Sukhothai Buddhist sculptures as one the monuments of Asian art. Sukhothai presently lies in ruins, but remaining sculptures provide uncorrupted evidence of Thai life and culture as it existed hundreds of years ago (Gosling 5). Therefore, through the sculptures, one is able to infer crucial knowledge of the historical people. First the sculptures provide crucial evidence to the importance of religion, mainly Buddhism, to the Sukhothai people (Stratton 12-13). Buddhists believed they could obtain merit towards their rebirth if they contributed to Buddhism. Thus the kings and people donated their money and time to Buddhist art in hopes to win merit, which explains the large quantities of sculptures found (Stratton 20). We will write a custom essay sample on Sukhothai Style specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sukhothai Style specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sukhothai Style specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The sculptures do not only hold religious information, but political information as well. For example the change in aesthetics of the Sukhothai sculptures to previous sculptures offers information on the political conditions of the time. Sukhothai, as mentioned above, was Thailands first free nation and the arts embrace their new found freedom. The people found themselves suddenly independent and sculptors reflect this notion with the progression they made in developing their own style of Buddhist sculpture (Gosling 88, 90). Their inspiration came from the Mahapurislaksana (Features of the Great Man) Text, which developed the idea of idealistic and superhuman characteristics and expressed the power of compassion and serenity1. The value of compassion and serenity implies the feelings towards of the new government and the hopes for the newly founded power2. The Sukhothai began placing their new values into existing Buddha sculptures, resulting in magnificent original pieces of art. The following is a comparison of an earlier sculpture to a latter sculpture: The Sukhothai artists has moved away from previously held conventions of the Buddha and appear to have made deliberate attempts to break off from earlier prototypes (Gosling 88). For example, the Buddha on the left has broad faces and fleshiness which is characteristic of Lanna sculptors (Gosling 86). Contrastingly, the Buddha on the right has tapered and petal-like (Gosling 88) fingers, a more pleasant countenance, and a highly stylized figure (Gosling 86-87). The Sukhothai Buddhist sculptures not only reflect religious or political importance, but also a great accomplishment of the people.

The Process of Information System in Apple

The Process of Information System in Apple Introduction Information Systems is a crucial component of many organizations. It is notable that information and communication within the corporate company remains an important aspect of its success. In addition, lack of information communication may present challenges to the decision makers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Process of Information System in Apple specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apple is a technology-based organization with a global presence. Its activities include product development, production, assembling, selling, and supply chain management. However, Apple’s research and development has enabled it to retain the market leadership in innovation. Company Background Three people founded Apple as an incorporated company in April 1976. They included â€Å"Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne† (Linzmayer 5). The company started with little financial investment that hindered its ability to compete effectively with other firms that were already large market players. The company managed to set up a new headquarter in California. The company’s original Apple II product had become the source of success since 1970. The product remained common with clients and enabled the company to develop its original customer base (Linzmayer 8). The company’s expansion has been unprecedented since then. It started selling computers in the international marketplace. The role that Steve Jobs played in research and development was critical for the generation of highly innovative and exciting products. The company grappled with operational and management challenges that were associated with communication within and outside environment (Daft, Jonathan and Hugh 114). Analysts have argued that the entry of new investors presented challenges with clarity in communication. The company focused on products and significantly ignored organizational functioning. The company c ompartmentalization initiatives were guided by product orientation rather than organizational functioning needs. The companys core activities are supported through diverse activities such as infrastructure, information systems, management of materials, and human resources (see figure 1) (Daft, Jonathan and Hugh 114). Figure 1: Apple Organizational Structure and Core ActivitiesAdvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company is highly dynamic in terms of altering the organizational structure to fit with activities. However, the latest organizational structure entails different positions as depicted in the diagram. The corporate structure favors the existence of departmental competencies as opposed to organizational functioning (Daft, Jonathan and Hugh 114). The leadership structure at Apple provides low-level managers with the task of ensuring innovations and direction in every department. The company also facilitates market leadership in other geographical locations through the creation of mid-level management positions. This helps the firm in enhancing leadership within different geographical locations in order to promote a localized market competitive advantage (Daft, Jonathan and Hugh 114). However, the corporate structure presents challenges to strategic communication. The structure creates a double reporting channel. This takes place through ensuring that organizational functioning matters are reported to corporate directors while operational issues are reported to regional directors (Daft, Jonathan and Hugh 114). Information Systems Management at Apple The corporate structure of Apple that comprise of the global presence and departmental level leadership presents a unique situation. The structure necessitates a type of information systems that can facilitate the distribution of appropriate communication through the right channels and in a timely manner. Furthermore, this is critical to promoting consistent and informed decision making at diverse levels. The right information systems can enhance proper communication. The company has a philosophy of being the leader in marketplace on matters related to innovativeness (Wade, Scott and Yogesh 399). The company also applies the same philosophy in its communication and information transfer. Apple manages its internal communication in a manner that enhances its superiority.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Process of Information System in Apple specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company has implemented virtual business designs that integrate communication and information management (Hamilton 58). The company has used virtualization as a factor in gaining an edge over competitors. The company has used intranet system that enables workers to gain all information they need at their workstations. Furthermo re, the system allows Apple to interact with external stakeholders such as suppliers (Monczka, 15). The company has created unrestricted information exchange system that virtually links suppliers to the product development team and the retail units. Furthermore, information exchange takes place between the retail unit and the customer service center. It is notable that customer service center are always equipped with information about suppliers and company product range (Monczka, 15). The customer center provides services to clients based on the virtually available information. This strategy has enabled Apple to maintain a value chain information exchange system that links different components on an end-to-end basis. The virtually available information in the company enables the reduction of costs involved in transferring information between the people who need it (Hamilton 58). Furthermore, it saves the time of the company and its staff for everything to do with information exchang e takes place virtually. The implementation of a computing utility system also helps Apple minimize costs because it limits the volume of assets that are used in information exchange (Gitman and Carl 506). The company has ensured a lean and efficient information management strategy. Recommendation The company should constantly work on improving its information security management. The expansion of the company means that the information it manages also escalates. The company’s use of software based information management presents potential challenges associated with hacking. Hacking activities are highly dynamic (Stair and George 30). Hackers can hack into the virtual information management system if its not well secured. Apple should focus on creating a robust and insecurity proof systems to enable it secure its information management system.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Daft, Richard L, Jonathan Murphy, and Hugh Willmott. Organization Theory and Design. Andover: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2010. Print. Gitman, Lawrence J, and Carl D. McDaniel. The Future of Business: The Essentials. Mason, OH: Thomson South-Western, 2008. Print. Hamilton, Cheryl. Communicating for Results: A Guide for Business and the Professions. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2008. Print. Linzmayer, Owen W. Apple Confidential 2.0: The Definitive History of the Worlds Most Colorful Company. San Francisco, Calif: No Starch Press, 2004. Print. Monczka, Robert M. Purchasing and Supply Chain Management. Mason, OH: South-Western, 2009. Print. Stair, Ralph M, and George W. Reynolds. Principles of Information Systems. Australia: Course Technology Cengage Learning, 2012. Print Wade, Michael R, Scott L. Schneberger, and Yogesh K. Dwivedi. Information Systems Theory: Explaining and Predicting Our Digital Society, Vol. 1. New York, NY: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2012. Print.

What are the factors which affect the propensity of firms to innovate Essay

What are the factors which affect the propensity of firms to innovate through collaboration with other firms and which affect the outcomes of such interaction - Essay Example Various factors that are perceived to be beneficial to partnering firms cause them to come together and innovate together. Some of the factors that cause firms to collaborate in innovation include reducing the cost of development of the technology, reducing the potential risks that are involved in technological development or entering the market, to achieve the economies of scale, which reduce the cost of production, promoting shared learning between the firms involved, and reducing the time taken to produce and market new products (Tidd, Bessant and Pavitt, 2005, p25-78). The results of the collaborative invention vary significantly according to different companies, and these factors may be beyond or within the abilities of the partnering firms. Some factors that influence the results of a collaborative interaction between firms include: the competitiveness of the partners, the transparency issues, receptivity of ideas, the rate of learning and bargaining power of partners, the intention of the firms when they accepted to enter into collaboration, and sustainability of the deal (Hamel, 1991, p.83-101). These factors determine whether or not the collaboration will continue in order to develop technologies together. If the factors are favourable to the collaborating firms, they continue to develop technologies together. Different companies collaborate in innovation according to different interaction policies. These interactions are determined by conditions that are set by those partners, when joining together as well as those that are related to sustai nability. In order to understand the issues that are related to the collaborative innovation, there is need to explore the factors that influence firms to come together as well as those that influence the sustainability of collaborative innovation interactions. In events where firms collaborate to innovate, they need to put into consideration all the issues that can arise

Compare the spread of Christianity to the spread of Islam in Africa Essay - 7

Compare the spread of Christianity to the spread of Islam in Africa south of the Sahara - Essay Example Muslims will vote for a politician who shares their religious belief and who will expect that those in power should open the door to those in need. The Pentecostal Christianity spreading in South Africa has been labeled the â€Å"religion of prosperity,† promising financial success by virtue of becoming a Christian—without having to hike to the nearest emir and beg for one’s cause.The Muslim community held a different power over non-Muslims, who were also non-Christians, in more remote regions. The Muslim community traditionally forced them into slavery. The alternative was to join up with one religion or the other. Pentecostalism represents most of the Christian conversion because it is spirit-based and their ecstatic form of worship is easily embraced by South Africans. Initially, jihad in southern Africa took the form of infighting between Muslim communities, at issue over whose religion was the purer. Likewise, the Pentecostal churches frequently split and er ect new churches. As new churches crop up, it appears that Christianity is spreading and eradicating the Muslim community. This creates fear, and reprisal, between Muslims and Christians over an illusion.

Coffee and Starbucks Essay Example for Free

Coffee and Starbucks Essay ?Introduction Starbucks Corporation is an international coffee company and coffee house chain headquartered in Seattle, Washingston. Starbucks was founded in 1971, when three academicians, began a specialty coffee store called Starbucks Coffee, Tea and Spice in Seattle (Starbucks Corporation, 2009). In 1996, Starbucks operated its first international store expansion in Tokyo, Japan. With current approximately 19,500 stores in 58 countries (Location xcelerated, 2012), Starbucks is quickly becoming one of the best known brands and the largest specialty coffeehouse company in the world. The Market Demand of Coffee The demand of coffee in the United States has rose 2 percent in 2011(Perez, 2011). Americans drank 77. 4 billion cups of coffee during a year (Perez, 2011). A statistics showed that â€Å"the average consumption among coffee drinkers in the United States is 3. 1 cups of coffee per day† (E-Imports, 2012). With gathering the information and statistics, it has proved the demand of coffee market in the US is extremely high. Also, the coffee market is the potential market for rivals entering into. Hence, Starbucks has to attain strong competitive advantages and market demand with its resources and capabilities. Starbucks’s Resources and Capabilities An organization has the ability to identifying and determining the competitive power of their resources and capabilities to create competitive advantage. Business resources are the productive input or competitive asset that is owned or controlled by the organization (Thompson, 2012). In the case of Starbucks, the resources and capabilities are coffee bean, store ambience, employee culture, and brands and reputations. Coffee Beans Coffee beans are the natural resources of Starbucks. They are one of the most valuable resources for coffee industry. Starbucks was a purveyor of specialty coffee – it has seemed top-notch coffee beans to produce high quality of coffee. High quality of coffee beans was usually sourced directly from coffee-producing countries, for instance Kenya, Guatemala and Indonesia. Starbucks was usually acquired the coffee bean at a premium price for suppliers who suited the Starbucks’ standards, socially and environmentally responsible farming. Starbucks has committed the long term contracts with the supplier in order to protect both party with the price and quality of coffee beans. The Starbucks’s coffee beans provided a sustainable competitive advantage in the face of active competition. It is due to the high quality and premium coffee beans sourced from other country were uncommon and costly to imitate for competitors. Store Design and Ambience Starbucks was positioned as a â€Å"third place† between beyond home and work with the store design and relaxing ambience. The design of store is provided a comfort and relaxing environment for its costumer. Each detail of likes the style of fixtures, the edges of countertops and the texture of slate floors was examined to enhance the unique ambience and mood of the Starbucks store. With blended the colorful banners and artworks, the merchandise displays, the music and the aromas, Starbucks has created an attractive, consistent and stimulating environment that provided comfort of a home for customer, excellent customer service and quality products as the concept of â€Å"third place theme† (Moon Queich, 2003) cited by (Harveywallbanger, 2012). These elements made the Starbucks experience key in retaining its customers with the competitive advantage and capture new markets. The store design is valuable by providing a third place theme, a relaxing and conform atmosphere. Besides, it was rare design in United States as Starbucks is the first mover to replicate the Italian style coffee store. Competitors are difficult and costly to imitate as the Starbucks has an exclusive In-House architects and designers to ensure the right image and character for each store. Employee Culture A vital dynamic in Starbucks’s growth was the human resources, its employee. Starbucks has provided a great work environment around its employees, one of its most important resources and sources of sustainable competitive advantage (Gates et al. , 2011). Schultz believed that a plentiful employee benefits package was a key competitive advantage. Starbucks was the first company to offer all employees, even part-timer, were qualified to get healthcare benefits, participate in the Bean Stock program for stock option grants. Besides that, Starbucks has offered an extensive training program to each employee that includes a commitment to customer service experience and the knowledge of products (Balaban et al. , n. d). All employees of Starbucks were trained to have good customer experiences for retaining customers. For example, they were trained â€Å"just say yes† to customer requests. Starbucks’ approach towards employees benefited to company has maintained the turnover rate at 60-65 percent, while the other national industry turnover is about 150-400 percent a year. The plentiful employee benefit package provides a sustainable competitive advantage to Starbucks. It is added value to Starbucks because employees will have the better job performance due to the motivation and courage. It was rare as the Starbucks was the first company provided healthcare benefits and stock option plan. And also, it is costly to imitate for Starbucks’s competitors. Brand and Reputation Brand recognition and reputational are essential resources and capabilities to Starbucks’s competition advantage. According to Starbucks Strategy Fortune, â€Å"Starbucks store traffic has risen between 6 percent and 8 percent a year even in a down economy†. Starbucks reputation was growing mostly by word of mouth rather than spending on advertising. Schultz believed that opening numerous stores helped to build the brand to Starbucks by increasing awareness of the brand. On the other hand, Starbucks also strengthened its brand and reputation with Fair Trade Certified coffee and corporate social responsibility (CSR). The company collaborated with CARE and Conservation International to encourage environment responsible methods of growing coffee. These activities would be created the attention and attraction of its customers on the brand of Starbucks. Due with the strength of brand and reputation, Starbucks was achieved sustainable competitive advantages in the specialty coffee segment. Michael Porter’s Five Forces Model One of the powerful and widely assessment tools of an organizations industry’s competitive forces is the five forces model, created by Michael Porter. This model embraces that the competitive forces affecting industry success go beyond rivalry among competing sellers and include four coexisting sources (Thompson, 2012). The Michael Porter’s five forces are the threat of entry, the threat of substitutes, the bargaining power of buyers, the bargaining power of supply and rivalry among competing sellers. I will identify the competitive environment of Starbucks in coffee industry by using Michael Porter’s Five Forces Model. 1) Industry Rivalry The industry competition among the existing firms is positioned at the center of Porter five forces model. Rivalry is gradually growing against Starbucks each year as the growing of industry. The growth of industry rivalry has increased due to introduce the new products into the market and differentiate products based on quality, service and selection (Gamble Thompson, Jr. , 2011) cited by (Brown, 2011). With this point, Starbucks has introduced a new way of having premium coffee and new product of Frappuccino, was greatly differentiated from the competitors. Starbucks also served coffee with the highest freshness standards with FlavorLock bags. Starbucks compete to against two strong orgationation in the fast food industry who have operated coffee beverages and stepped into coffee market, McDonalds and Dunkin’ Donuts. The competitive threat distributed by McDonalds to Starbucks was referring to the Consumer Reports magazine in 2008 , which rated that the McDonalds the quality of coffee is better and the price is cheaper as compared to Starbucks. The industry’s growing has slowed down while the industry competition is increasing among existing firms. In short, the force of industry rivalry formed by the competition among coffees industry is characterized very strong. 2) The Threat of New Entrance The second competitive force of Porter’s model has significant differenced in the late of 80s and the recent competitive environment of Starbucks, is no barriers to entry. According to Porter (2008), barriers of entry are low in the specialty coffee industry. The coffee houses in the United States were about 585 in 1987 and 25000 in 2007. It showed that the new entrants of specialty coffee market was increasing speedily in 20 years. Besides that, the specialty coffee market had grown from $11. 5billion (2005) to $12. 27 billion (2006) in the United States. Due to the market demand growing rapidly, it was attracted a number of fast-food retailers, such company as McDonald and Dunkin’ Donuts. In addition, the product differentiation (included coffee selection, roasting and brewing) is considered weak. With these elements, it can be established that the threat of new entrants in coffee industry is moderate. However, Starbucks has a strong competitive advantage with a well-known brand and image, the quality service and diversity products, and a strong market in the segmentation. 3) The Threat of Substitutes Another competitive force of Porter’s model is the threat of substitutes. The force of substitutes is significant decreased in the coffee market. This is because, there are only little of substitutes product, such substitute as soft drinks, energy drinks and fruit juices. The principal substitution of products has posed a slight threat to coffee industry were carbonated soft drinks which introduced by the Pepsi and Coca-Cola company. In the past few years, studies have done that coffee has increasingly obtained the preference of consumer more than carbonated soft drinks. This is probably concentrated the healthy related with carbonated soft drinks, and evidenced that coffee is a relatively healthy preference. (Harding, 2000) cited by (Larson. , 2008) Based on the information and evidence, the threat of competitive substitute products is considered to be weak for Starbucks Corporation. 4) The Bargaining Power of Suppliers The bargaining power of supplier has changed in several ways through the widely growing in the coffee industry. Starbucks was purchased it premium coffee beans from the farmers that were numerous, small and unconnected during the late 1980s. In the recently years, coffee beans suppliers were joint by Fair Trade Certified coffee and acted like a large entity. Specialty coffee companies were making the coffee beans suppliers gradually important by seeking greater quality of coffee to compete the competitors in the market. The coffee beans suppliers today are more power, with increased joint and increased importance upon high quality coffee beans. Starbucks has work out with the coffee beans suppliers into continuing fixed-price commitments in order to ensure an adequate supply, which decreased the supplier bargaining power. (Larson, 2008) 5) The Bargaining Power of buyers The last element of five forces model is the bargaining power of buyers. The force of the buyer’s bargaining power is defined to the buyer’s capability to force down prices, and seek for higher-quality products and services (Porter, 1998, p. 24) cited by (Larson, 2008). The bargaining power of buyer in specialty coffee segment is considered high, since two strong competitor of Starbucks, McDonalds and Dunkin’s Donuts have offered the lower prices. However, Starbucks has introduced the several new products and high quality of coffee, highly differentiated to maintain consumers satisfied and away from competitors in the coffee market. Thus, the buyer bargaining power has offset and became moderate. The Summary of Michael Porter’s Five Factor In summary, the coffee market faces very strong forces from the industry rivals but it obtains weak forces from the threat of substitutes. Besides, the other three forces are considered as moderate. Generally, the impact of the five forces is moderate in the specialty coffee industry. Therefore, Starbucks is able to obtain the ideal revenues in the coffee market with operated effectively and efficiently. Starbucks’ Generic Strategy. There are three successful generic competitive strategies that organizations can apply to achieve their competitive strategies, included overall cost leadership, differentiation and focus, defined by Michael Porter. Overall cost leadership strategy implies an organization to apply lower overall costs to attract consumers. The differentiation generic strategy contains the creation of service and product as being valuable and unique for the industry. Focus is the last generic strategy, which aims a certain market of a product line (Porter, 1998, p. 38) cited by (Larson, 2008). However, Starbucks are suitable the broad differentiation strategy of the five generic competitive strategies nowadays. This strategy allows Starbucks to serve a broader customer base with the differentiation of product and service (Grant, 2009) cited by (Brown, 2011). This approaches to retain and attract as many consumer with the generally product mix. Starbucks had the unique skills, products and services reputation with the distribution segment of specialty coffee industry. For instance, Starbucks was developed an icy-blend of dark-roasted coffee and milk, named Frappuccino. This drink was a hit with $54 million sales in the first year on the national market. In addition, the high-quality standards and strong employee culture of Starbucks were known well in the specialty coffee industry. The high-quality coffee beans are purchased from Fair Trade Certified, considered a differentiation product to other competitors. The employees of Starbucks were also trained to have strong customer experience. In the differentiation strategies, Starbucks have strengthened the brand and reputation for quality and creative flair. Starbucks’ Strategy Options. Starbucks is able to create three strategic options for sustaining competitive advantage and further growing the business by having evaluated its forces. The three strategic options for Starbucks are that diversification, expansion and merger. 1) Diversification The diversification of a business is that introducing new products and offering new services to the industry. There are two way of diversification for business, be related or unrelated. Starbucks is suited to attempt related diversification, reflecting more association with the specialty coffee industry. Schultz believed that the company has lacked on blockbuster products, only the variations of products. Starbucks has a successful product diversification in the history with launched coffee and tea beverages, brewing and serving equipment, roasted coffee beans, music and gifts. The introduction of savory products such as cake, donut and muffin is a successful diversification as it can be combined with the existing product and core product, coffee. The diversification strategy is a good option for enhancing Starbucks’ growth and competitive advantage. 2) Expansion The expansion of an organization can be within a country and into an overseas market. Starbucks should reduce their expansion efforts in the United States and focus to expand its business into new countries to further internationalize it. The Economist stated, â€Å"While Starbucks has expanded so have its rivals. The firm’s home market seems to have reached saturation point. † With the rapid expansion, Starbucks is oversaturated in the United States. Therefore, this strategy option is suitable for Starbucks as the United States coffee market is reaching saturation point. If Starbucks has to go further growing and expanding, the international expansion is one of the best strategies for Starbucks. 3) Merger and Acquisition According to Investopedia, it defined as â€Å"a merger is an alliance of two organizations while an acquisition is the attaining of one organization by another. † The strategy of merger and acquisition sets out to accomplish the same goal, by increased broad customer base, market share and corporate strength of business. In the history, Starbucks has merged with Dreyer’s Grand Ice Cream to develop super premium ice cream and acquired a premium tea company, Tazo LLC. In the case study of Starbucks, there states that there were about 25000 coffee houses in the United States in 2007. The merger and acquisition of small specialty coffee retailers will enhances the market position, market share and competitive advantage of Starbucks. This is a strategy that will exploit opportunities whilst avoiding threats to further growing and expansion of Starbucks. Recommendations The first and most important process which Starbucks should take is to diminish the efforts expansion in the United States. According to Starbucks’ strategy Fortune, a new store will often cannibalize about 30% of the sales of a nearby Starbucks. The continuing aggressive of expansion in the United States by opening as many new stores of the same area is an act to cannibalize store sales. The reason why Starbucks should diminish their expansion plan is the coffee market has reached the saturation in the US. The overcapacity of expansion plans in a location will be met with failure to an organization. On the basis of all the evaluation and evidence referred for the strategy options, the recommendation is to further expand internationally. Starbucks can convey the remained investment into international development plans by reducing the expansion plans in United States. The expansion of international market offers a supreme target with three fundamental objectives. The first reason is the lack of awareness of coffee market in many countries which represent the prospective market share. For instance, Starbucks currently opens approximately 20,000 stores with 13,000 in the US and 7000 in foreign countries. The total coffee consumption per person in the US has lowered much than many countries, such country as Finland and Italy. With gathering the information, this proves that expand internationally, there is a massive coffee drinking population and potential market share to be selected. (Starbucks Corporation, 2008) cited by (Larson, 2008). Another reason that international expansion offers an ideal prospect is that the expansion of product innovation. For example, Starbucks has announced their Tazo tea brand into the Japanese market. And, Tazo was brought into the United States market as it was a successful trial in Japan. Tazo green tea has brought a success to Starbucks as it was a national drinks and showed that the power of brand in North America. Starbucks could have to evade the risk of brand reputation as more innovative products should run a trial in international markets. Since the markets have yet visible to Starbucks for a period time, it is possible to avoid a great risk with affecting the brand reputation. Therefore, Starbucks has great competitive advantage in the markets with expand intentionally. The last reason of international expansion is to increase the brand reputation. Building brand image is key factor to an organization as the brand will affects an organization’s sales and position in the market. For example, in case of Starbucks, the company has increased revenue from $7. 8 billion in 2006 to $9. 4 in 2007, along with an increase in brand value. In order to recover the exclusivity of Starbucks brand, Schultz would focus the expansion of international countries and slow down the expansion of the United States. Therefore, the international aggressive expansion will help to strengthen its brand image and regain a strong competitive advantage for Starbucks. In a nut shell, I am highly recommended a strategy decision to Starbucks is that expanding into international markets. International countries have represented the ideal potential market shares with the high demand of specialty coffee. By applying this strategy, Starbucks will continue to be the leader in the specialty coffee industry and further regain and strengthen its competitive advantage. Furthermore, it also gains the customer satisfaction in the international markets. International expansion is the way to move forward. Reference Balaban, S. et al. (n. d) â€Å"Management 600† Starbucks Coffee Company. http://cobweb2. louisville. edu/faculty/regbruce/bruce/cases/starbucks/starbucks. htm [Accessed on 7 April 2012]. Brown, H. (2011) â€Å"External Environmental Analysis of Starbucks and the Coffee Industry† Strategic Management MGMT 4340 http://www2. uhv. edu/chapao/MGMT4340/Samples/Project%20Sample%203. pdf [Accessed on 9 April 2012] E-Imports (2012) â€Å"Coffee Statistics† Espresso Business Solutions. http://www. e-importz. com/Support/specialty_coffee. htm [Accessed on 5 April 2012]. Gates, R. et al. (2011) â€Å"Strategy Analysis MGMT 562† http://freedownload. is/pdf/strategy-analysis-mgmt-562-2925711. html [Accessed on 6 April 2012]. Harveywallbanger. (2012) â€Å"Starbucks’ Customer Retention Strategies 89† HubPages. http://harveywallbanger. hubpages. com/hub/Starbucks-Customer-Retention-Strategies [Accessed on 6 April 2012]. Heavey, J. (2012) â€Å"Starbucks a Strategic Report†Scribd. http://www. scribd. com/doc/27614539/Starbucks-a-Strategic-Report-by-James-Heavey [Accessed on 8 April 2012]. Larson, R. (2008) â€Å"Starbucks a Strategic Analysis† Past Decisions and Future Options http://coe. brown. edu/documents/StarbucksaStrategicAnalysis_R. Larson_honors_2008. pdf [Accessed on 8 April 2012]. Location Excelerated (2012) â€Å"How many Starbucks are they? † Location Excelerated. http://loxcel. com/sbux-faq. html,

The Yellow Wallpaper :: Essays Papers

The Yellow Wallpaper The story of The Yellow Wallpaper begins with a family going away on vacation. It is revealed later that there are repairs or renovations being done on their regular house. The wife in the story believes at first that the house is haunted since no one has occupied the house for so long, but she finds out that it was only because of an ownership dispute. The main reason that the family goes on vacation is because the woman is sick. Her illness is most likely some form of a mental disorder. Her husband, who happens to be a physician, tell her that all she needs to get better is rest and to be around no stimuli. The woman automatically thinks something is wrong with the house, but she could not figure it out right away. One of the first things she does not like about her and her husband’s room is the wallpaper. She claims that it commits every artistic sin and is not made with any laws of radiation, alternation, repetition or symmetry. The woman starts to see mages in the wallpaper, and then she sees them move around and change as the light in the room changes. As time goes on, she begins to see a woman creeping around behind the front patter on the wallpaper. She eventually sees the woman in the wallpaper shake the front pattern that acts as a form of a jail for the woman. The wife writes that she thinks the wallpaper woman gets out from her â€Å"jail† during the day since she sees her creep around outside her window during the day. Towards the end of her vacation, the woman tries to figure out a way to get the top layer of the paper off from the bottom one. On the last night, she pulls off yards of the top layer while the wallpaper lady helps her out. Then in the morning, the wallpaper begins to laugh at her and she declares that she will finish getting off the top layer that day. She continues to pull at the paper while it laughs at her. At the end she decides to climb behind the first layer of wallpaper and creep as the wallpaper lady did. Her husband arrives and gets into the room after some time and then faints because he realizes his wife has gone stark raving mad!

Nursing and Patient Essay

For each of the above theories, please prepare the following; 1. Brief biography of the theorist (person who created the theory) 2. A brief discussion of the important assumptions and concepts of the theories. Florence Nightingale is the most recognized name in the field of nursing. Her work was instrumental for developing modern nursing practice, and from her first shift, she worked to ensure patients in her care had what they needed to get healthy. Her Environmental Theory changed the face of nursing to create sanitary conditions for patients to get care. Biography of Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale was born in 1820 in Italy to a wealthy British family. She was raised in the Anglican faith, and believed the God called her to be a nurse. This call came to her in February 1837 while at Embley Park. She announced her intention to become a nurse in 1844. Her mother and sister were angry at her decision, but Nightingale stood strong. She worked hard to learn about nursing, despite society’s expectation that she become a wife and mother. In fact, she rejected a suitor because she thought it would interfere with her nursing career. In 1853, she accepted the position of superintendent at the Institute for the Care of Sick Gentlewomen in Upper Harley Street, London. She held this position until October 1854. The income given to her by her father during this time allowed her to pursue her career and still live comfortably. Though Nightingale had several important friendships with women, including a correspondence with an Irish nun named Sister Mary Clare Moore, she had little respect for women in general, and preferred friendships with powerful men. She died in 1910. Career of Florence Nightingale Nightingale is best known for her pioneering work in the field of nursing. She tended to wounded soldiers during the Crimean War. She became known as the â€Å"Lady with the Lamp† because of her night rounds. While nursing soldiers during the war, Nightingale worked to improve nutrition and conditions in the wards. Many injured soldiers were dying from illnesses separate from their injuries, such as typhoid, cholera, and dysentery. Nightingale made changes on the wards or started the process by calling the Sanitary Commission. Her work led to a reduction in the death rates of injured soldiers from 42% to 2%. Nightingale believed the deaths were the result of poor nutrition, inadequate supplies, and the soldiers being dramatically overworked. After collecting evidence that pointed to unsanitary conditions as a major cause of death, Nightingale worked to improve sanitation in army and civilian hospitals during peacetime. After the Crimean War, she established a nursing school at St. Thomas’ Hospital in London in 1860. The first nurses trained at this school began working in 1865 at the Liverpool Workhouse Infirmary. It was the first secular nursing school in the world, and is now part of King’s College London. Her work laid the foundation for modern nursing, and the pledge all new nurses take was named after her. Nightingale wrote Notes on Nursing (1859), which was the foundation of the curriculum for her nursing school and other nursing schools. This short text was considered the foundation of nursing education, and even sold well to the public. She also wrote Notes on Hospitals, Notes on Matters Affecting the Health, and Efficiency and Hospital Administration of the British Army. Nightingale spent the rest of her career working toward the establishment and development of nursing as a profession, paving the way for nursing in its current form. In 1883, Nightingale was given the Royal Red Cross by Queen Victoria. In 1907, she was the first woman to receive the Order of Merit. In 1908, she was given the Honorary Freedom of the City of London. International Nurses Day is celebrated on her birthday. Florence Nightingale’s Contribution to Nursing Theory: Environmental Theory Florence Nightingale is attributed with establishing the modern practice of nursing. She also contributed to the field with nursing theories still used today. One of her nursing theories is the Environmental Theory, which incorporates the patients’ surrounding environment in his or her nursing care plan. In this theory, the role of the nurse is to use the patient’s environment to help him or her recover and get back to the usual environment. The reason the patient’s environment is important is because it can affect his or her health in a positive or negative way. Some environmental factors affecting health according to Nightingale’s theory are fresh air, pure water, sufficient food and appropriate nutrition, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light or direct sunlight. If any of these factors is lacking, it can delay the patient’s recovery. Nightingale also emphasized providing a quiet, warm environment for patients to recover in. The theory also calls for nurses to assess a patient’s dietary needs, document food intake times, and evaluate how the patient’s diet affects his or her health and recovery. Determining a patient’s environment for recovery based on his or her condition or disease is still practiced today, such as in patients suffering from tetanus, who need minimal noise to keep them calm and prevent seizures. http://nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Florence-Nightingale.php s the founder of modern nursing, Florence Nightingale’s Environment Theory changed the face of nursing practice. She served as a nurse during the Crimean War, at which time she observed a correlation between the patients who died and their environmental conditions. As a result of her observations, the Environment Theory of nursing was born. Nightingale explained this theory in her book, Notes on Nursing: What it is, What it is Not. The model of nursing that developed from Nightingale, who is considered the first nursing theorist, contains elements that have not changed since the establishment of the modern nursing profession. Though this theory was pioneering at the time it was created, the principles it applies are timeless. There are seven assumptions made in the Environment Theory, which focuses on taking care of the patient’s environment in order to reach health goals and cure illness. These assumptions are: 1. natural laws 2. mankind can achieve perfection 3. nursing is a calling 4. nursing is an art and a science 5. nursing is achieved through environmental alteration 6. nursing requires a specific educational base 7. nursing is distinct and separate from medicine| The focus of nursing in this model is to alter the patient’s environment in order to affect change in his or her health. The environmental factors that affect health, as identified in the theory, are: fresh air, pure water, sufficient food supplies, efficient drainage, cleanliness of the patient and environment, and light (particularly direct sunlight). If any of these areas is lacking, the patient may experience diminished health. A nurse’s role in a patient’s recovery is to alter the environment in order to gradually create the optimal conditions for the patient’s body to heal itself. In some cases, this would mean minimal noise and in other cases could mean a specific diet. All of these areas can be manipulated to help the patient meet his or her health goals and get healthy. The Environment Theory of nursing is a patient-care theory. That is, it focuses on the care of the patient rather than the nursing process, the relationship between patient and nurse, or the individual nurse. In this way, the model must be adapted to fit the needs of individual patients. The environmental factors affect different patients unique to their situations and illnesses, and the nurse must address these factors on a case-by-case basis in order to make sure the factors are altered in a way that best cares for an individual patient and his or her needs. The ten major concepts of the Environment Theory, also identified as Nightingale’s Canons, are: 1. Ventilation and warming 2. Light and noise 3. Cleanliness of the area 4. Health of houses 5. Bed and bedding 6. Personal cleanliness 7. Variety 8. Offering hope and advice 9. Food 10. Observation According to Nightingale, nursing is separate from medicine. The goal of nursing is to put the patient in the best possible condition in order for nature to act. Nursing is â€Å"the activities that promote health which occur in any caregiving situation.† Health is â€Å"not only to be well, but to be able to use well every power we have.† Nightingale’s theory addresses disease on a literal level, explaining it as the absence of comfort. The environment paradigm in Nightingale’s model is understandably the most important aspect. Her observations taught her that unsanitary environments contribute greatly to ill health, and that the environment can be altered in order to improve conditions for a patient and allow healing to occur. Nightingale’s Modern Nursing Theory also impacted nursing education. She was the first to suggest that nurses be specifically educated and trained for their positions in healthcare. This allowed there to be standards of care in the field of nursing, which helped improve overall care of patients

Slave Trade Abolition Of Britain And United States Essay

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The Foundations of Slave Trade and Slavery in America The European settlers in America, turned to the African slaves as a means of cheap labor because there found in plenty unlike the poorer Europeans servants. Even before the Revolution, slave trade was a custom throughout the new world (Bales and Soodalter 22). Major European powers entered the transatlantic slave trade, because they had slave colonies. British came and dominated the slave trade because of its influence in Africa, where its ships carried African captives as compared to other nation. It was estimated that about three million slave were shipped acrossShow MoreRelatedThe Age Of Revolution And The European Revolution1152 Words   |  5 Pagesand the European Society that started in 1789 and ended in 1848. During this era, radical citizens and reforming governments in Europe changed the existing laws and the ruling structure in a way that created the forms of the existing modern Europe states. 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